{"id":244,"date":"2016-09-06T21:45:43","date_gmt":"2016-09-06T21:45:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/?p=244"},"modified":"2016-09-06T22:38:26","modified_gmt":"2016-09-06T22:38:26","slug":"3d-printing-appropriate-technology-from-ewaste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/?p=244","title":{"rendered":"3D Printing &#8211; appropriate technology from eWaste"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Here in Europe, there are many restrictions and directives dealing with the responsible disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment &#8211; go to any local\u00a0 recycling centre and you will find the neatly ordered ranks\u00a0 of battered fridges, TV&#8217;s and obsolete computers awaiting\u00a0 their\u00a0 final demobilization &#8211; destined to become shiny new products &#8211; officialy at least!<\/p>\n<p>A few years ago we\u00a0 encountered a West African businessman who used to visit a neighbouring warehouse to purchase batches of scrap photocopiers and derelict ex-rental computer\u00a0 equipment for &#8221; recycling&#8221; in Africa. Palletloads were squeezed onto an elderly articulated truck &#8211; its canvas covers already bulging over a couple of insurance salvage Mercedes &#8211; themselves stuffed full with odds and ends &#8211; all strapped precariously to the trailer; The\u00a0 whole tottering shipment\u00a0 was destined for export from the nearest port to Africa, where the whole lot was to be sold off to the highest bidder\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 truck and all.\u00a0 The businessman would then hop back on a plane and repeat the process over again!<\/p>\n<p>Back in 2012 , an Australian documentary film-maker we knew &#8211; David Fedele &#8211;\u00a0 travelled to Accra in Ghana to investigate the problem of eWaste &#8211; what happens to those broken and obsolete electrical and\u00a0 electronic products once they have been replaced by the latest\u00a0\u00a0 new\u00a0 gadgets.\u00a0\u00a0 The result was the acclaimed <a href=\"http:\/\/www.e-wastelandfilm.com\/\">documentary eWasteland <\/a>which lifted the lid on what is now a\u00a0 significant problem worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>Filmed at the infamous Agbogbloshie dump in Accra, the 20 minute film makes apocalyptic and grim viewing .<\/p>\n<p><iframe width=\"474\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yUCoToorc9M?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>There is no commentary. It doesn&#8217;t need one.\u00a0 it shows graphically what currently happens to all that technology -those machines that were crafted with\u00a0 time,\u00a0 care and energy -now unwanted,\u00a0 literally smashed and\u00a0 torn apart by hand under the most primitive conditions &#8211; often by children &#8211; the shattered remains\u00a0 being burned to salvage the metals.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0 people who spend their working day at the dump do\u00a0 so to gain some sort of income ,\u00a0 but at a very high cost .\u00a0 Apart from the more obvious physical hazards,\u00a0 many harmful chemicals are being released with potential long-term consequences for the worker&#8217;s health and also for the climate and the environment in general. But these problems are of little concern when faced with few other options to make a living.<\/p>\n<p>With a global trade in scrap , cheap labour and lax regulation , it is a scene repeated in many developing countries across the world most especially in Africa.<\/p>\n<p>So where does 3D Printing Technologies come into all this?\u00a0 The technology to create items with computer controlled CNC machines and CAD\/CAM software has been around for many years and is well established amongst large manufacturers. But no\u00a0 longer is the technology the sole domain of those\u00a0 blue chip aerospace or engineering companies with the ability to spend millions on their machinery and software licenses. What has changed in recent years is the advent of good quality, reliable\u00a0 open source software and just as important- open source hardware &#8211; in particular the phenomenon of 3D printers.<\/p>\n<p>Spurred on by the ever-expanding open source and &#8220;maker&#8221;\u00a0 communities &#8211; it is now possible to get an inexpensive but fully functional open source 3D printer &#8211; such as\u00a0 a Rep-Rap\/Prusa or similar &#8211; up and running for a few hundred pounds with DIY kits easily available from online sources such as eBay, opening a new era in creativity and low volume manufacturing of custom designs .\u00a0\u00a0 CAD software, previously costing many thousands to license a single user and requiring expensive hardware to run can now often be obtained as freeware, running on common PC\/Linux powered hardware.<\/p>\n<p>Sounds great, you say, but how does that help the impoverished people grubbing a living from the eWaste dumps of Africa &#8211; who have little or no money to spare to buy even the cheapest offering &#8211; let alone the time or expertise to build one?\u00a0 And if they had, what possible use would one be?<\/p>\n<p>Several initiatives have arisen recently to address such problems, with the aim of improving people&#8217;s lives &#8211; alleviating poverty and helping create positive social change &#8211; several local social enterprise initiatives, for example <a href=\"http:\/\/www.woelabo.com\/\">WoeLab<\/a> in Togo, <a href=\"http:\/\/buni.or.tz\/\">Buni Hub\u00a0 maker space <\/a>in Tanzania, assisted by charities such as <a href=\"http:\/\/techfortrade.org\/\">TechForTrade,\u00a0 <\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/youandjerrycan.org\">Jerry DIT\u00a0<\/a> and others are creating a new economy based around 3D printing and open source technologies.<\/p>\n<p>Especially interesting are the designs of printers and other equipment being made from eWaste itself &#8211; with scrap photocopiers, printers and the like donating useable parts &#8211; and the plastic material for the printer filaments coming from recycling the plastic bottles picked from local waste dumps &#8211; creating a product many times more valuable than the waste plastic bottles\u00a0 &#8211; resulting\u00a0 in new, better paid work for collectors and processors of the plastic, as well as in building, selling and using the printers themselves &#8211; 3D printers are already being used to create a diverse range of products from medical prosthetics to\u00a0 shoes! All making far better use of the eWaste no one else wants.<\/p>\n<p>The scale of the problem is , of course, vast but it&#8217;s a positive start! As with mobile phone technology, which in the space of a few years, has rapidly taken the internet and comminications direct to\u00a0 previously isolated and\u00a0 impoverished communities, 3D printers made from eWaste and recycled materials are creating new opportunities for people in ways that just a short few years ago would have been unimaginable .<\/p>\n<p><iframe width=\"474\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/04p3SrssXmY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here in Europe, there are many restrictions and directives dealing with the responsible disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment &#8211; go to any local\u00a0 recycling centre and you will find the neatly ordered ranks\u00a0 of battered fridges, TV&#8217;s and obsolete computers awaiting\u00a0 their\u00a0 final demobilization &#8211; destined to become shiny new products &#8211; officialy &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/?p=244\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">3D Printing &#8211; appropriate technology from eWaste<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=244"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":259,"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244\/revisions\/259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pyrois.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}